| Theory |
Decision Criteria |
Your Own Example |
Strengths |
Weaknesses |
| Utilitarianism |
The decision criteria for using the utilitarianism theory is based on possessing a moral compass. The implication is that it entails having knowledge of what is right and what is wrong through the value of right actions and happiness (Häyry, 2021) |
A philanthropist wanted to offer help to a group of students having financial difficulties. Five students had incurred overdue fees and, therefore, could not be given lunch. The man had a total of $5000 to donate, and a group of five students had an outstanding balance of $1000 each, while the sixth had an outstanding balance of $5000. Therefore, based on utilitarianism, the $5000 should be divided among the five students. Such a step will enable the five students to obtain food rather than giving the whole amount to one student. Such an approach will also give well-being and happiness to the five students. |
One of the strengths is that it treats each person equally without social or emotional attachments. It is also easy and simple to follow as it has a basic principle of the greatest happiness for the greatest number. |
-The theory focuses on predicting the consequences of an action that may not be possible. It focuses on happiness, but happiness is subjective. -it does not take into account the happiness or feelings of the minority. |
| Kantian Ethics |
The decision criterion for this theory is that people have a responsibility to stay honest irrespective of the consequences and that the will to do good is the right thing. A person should not be treated as an object for natural interests (Baron, 2018). |
A young man had just married the love of his life. After two years, his wife was diagnosed with a chronic condition that needed a substantial amount of money to manage. After another year, he lost his job and could not take care of his family anymore. The man visited a supermarket, and when he went to the parking lot, he saw a guy accidentally drop his wallet, which had several thousand dollars. The man had a choice of taking the money, but he chose to be honest and gave the money back to the owner and continued searching for money and employment. This is in line with Kantian ethics, which indicates that stealing is always wrong. |
–In this theory, human beings are believed to be moral agents; hence they are valued. -It theory possesses the quality of universality as it suggests that everyone needs to be treated equally under the same ethical system hence limited discrimination. |
–Fails to account for the complexities of human life. -It does not explain the steps to be taken whenever two absolutes clash. |
| Ross’s Ethics |
The decision criteria for this theory is that our main duty is to do things that are morally right as dictated by the duties that are most crucial in a specific situation (Butts & Rich, 2022) |
Jane, a single mom of two children, works in a distant town; hence she requested that her mother lives with the two children as they go to school. Therefore, during weekdays, the mother cooks for the children, washes their clothes, and prepares them for school. Jane only cooks and washes clothes during weekends when she is around. As such, Ross’s ethics suggests that Jane should appreciate, show gratitude, and thank her mom for the good work she is doing. She should show gratitude for the effort and work the mother is doing to keep the children safe and ensure that they eat and go to school on time. |
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