NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Sample Approach Concept of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections and Hematological Disorders

NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Sample Approach Concept of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections and Hematological Disorders

NURS 6501 Week 10 Knowledge Check: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Disorders Sample Approach

Concept of Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections and Hematological Disorders

According to the World Health Organization, health is defined as the state of complete mental, social, and physical well-being and not just merely the absence of infirmity (McCartney et al., 2019). Infection, on the other hand, refers to the harmful invasion and subsequent growth of pathogens in the body. Signs and symptoms will develop as the body responds to the presence of these foreign entities. These pathogens include viruses, bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. This invasion can affect various systems of the body, including the hematological system, causing hematological disorders.

Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Multiple ovarian cysts, hirsutism, and menstrual irregularities characterize polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. It affects women of childbearing age, but evidence shows that it can as well affect adolescents and postmenopausal women. According to Ganie et al. (2019), high levels of leptin are correlated with the high serum levels of testosterone seen in these patients. This is what brings about hirsutism.

Besides that, there are altered levels of proteins involved in processes like lipid transport, vascular development, and extracellular remodeling. This is what brings about the molecular derangements in folliculogenesis. In addition, there are deranged plasma amino acid levels. This caused reduced levels of nitric oxide, increased oxidative stress, and reduced levels of regulatory T cells. These factors working together lead to the development of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Effect of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome On Fertility and Infertility

Fertility refers to the ability of a woman of reproductive age to conceive and give birth. In polycystic ovarian syndrome, there is an excess of androgen. This causes increased deposition of adipose tissue in the visceral organs. As a result, there is insulin resistance and the development of compensatory hyperinsulinemia.

The ovary and the adrenal glands are therefore stimulated to continue producing more androgens as compared to follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction and the above pathological interaction promote further ovarian dysfunction (Cunha & Póvoa, 2021). The ovary is, therefore, unable to produce quality and viable follicles that the male sperm can fertilize.

Pathophysiology of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

This is an inflammatory disease that affects the upper genital tract of women, that is, the uterus, the fallopian tubes, and the ovaries. It follows an infection of the genital tract. The inflammatory process causes damage to the genital tract, which includes partial or total obstruction of the fallopian tubes, scarring of the tissues, and adhesions. As a result, the ciliated epithelium in the fallopian tube is lost. The ovum can, therefore, not be transported from the ovary to the uterus. The patient can become infertile or be predisposed to developing ectopic pregnancies. In addition, there is also chronic pelvic pain that occurs due to adhesions (Mitchell et al., 2021).

The 4 Stages of Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection that affects multiple systems of the body. It is caused by Treponema pallidum. It can be acquired sexually or congenitally from an infected mother to her infant. Its four stages are primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary syphilis. The primary stage is where a painless chancre occurs at the initial inoculation site.

This is followed by the secondary stage, which involves the development of a maculopapular rash that affects the scalp, the palms, and even the soles. After some time without treatment, the symptoms of syphilis disappear, and the disease becomes dormant but can relapse at any time. The fourth stage is the tertiary stage, which is fatal since it involves neurosyphilis, gummatous syphilis, and cardiovascular syphilis (Ghanem et al., 2020).

Conclusion

Invasion of the human body by various pathogens can cause infections and diseases in both men and women. These diseases have different pathogeneses, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations. In addition, they can have various effects on the indivi

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